• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Providing a mechanical component (1), a movement (100A), and a timepiece (100) that exhibit excellent properties in terms of productivity and wear resistance, and associated manufacturing method of a mechanical component (1). The mechanical component (1), which is formed by electroforming in which the molding die (30) is immersed in an electroforming liquid (41) containing nickel ions and ions of an additive, comprises a main body (2) and a contact portion (3) covering at least a portion of the main body (2); this contact portion (3) is brought into contact with other components. The contact portion (3) has a greater additive content than the main body (2). The method of manufacturing the mechanical component (1) comprises a process of modeling a contact portion (3) to form the contact portion (3) by means of electroforming in which the molding die (30) is immersed in the electroforming liquid (41), and a modeling process of a main body (2) so that the contact portion (3) is covered by means of electroforming in which the molding die (30) ) is immersed in the electroforming liquid (41). The electroforming is performed during the modeling process of the contact portion (3) so that the amount of deposition of the additive increases with respect to the modeling process of the main body (2).
    公开号:CH710107B1
    申请号:CH01281/15
    申请日:2015-09-07
    公开日:2019-06-14
    发明作者:Sato Miei；Kishi Matsuo；Niwa Takashi
    申请人:Seiko Instr Lnc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Technical Field of the Invention [0001] This invention relates to a mechanical component, a movement, a timepiece, and a method of manufacturing a mechanical component. 2. Description of the Prior Art Relating to the Invention [0002] According to the prior art, small mechanical components such as gear parts in mechanical timepieces are manufactured by machining. However, electroforming methods have recently been used. In particular, in recent years the manufacturing process LIGA (German acronym for Lithography Galvanoformung Abformung) of a mold for subsequent electroforming using a photolithography technique is used to manufacture mechanical components of precise dimensions by electroforming.
    However, it is known that nickel, generally used as an electroforming material, is not very resistant to wear. For this reason, in some cases where the mechanical component requires better wear resistance, a film having excellent wear-resistant properties is applied to the electroformed component by means of a dry-plating technique. or wet ("wet-dry plating"). Moreover, in order to improve the wear resistance of a base material, a coating technique using amorphous carbon (DLC for "diamond-like carbon"), for example, is also known (see, for example, For this purpose, JP 1997 333 660, which is later referred to as "Patent Document 1").
    However, according to the technique disclosed in the patent document 1, it is necessary to manufacture a mechanical component while managing the thickness of the coating film so as not to affect the external shape during the coating step. As a result, the efficiency of the manufacturing process can be adversely affected and the manufacturing costs can increase. In addition, if a base material and the coating film badly adhere to each other, the coating film detaches when the mechanical component is slid. Therefore, not only can no longer be expected to benefit from advantageous effects in terms of wear resistance, but also the mechanical component is likely to be quickly worn by the detached coating film. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] The present invention has therefore been made taking into account the circumstances described above, and an object thereof is to provide a mechanical component, a movement, and a timepiece that exhibit excellent properties in terms of productivity and wear resistance, as well as providing a method of manufacturing such a mechanical component.
    In order to solve the problem described above, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mechanical component which is formed by means of electroforming according to which a molding die is immersed in an electroforming liquid containing nickel ions and ions of an additive, the component comprising: a main body and a contact portion covering at least the main body, which comes into contact with other components, and in which more additive is contained only in the main body.
    According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the wear resistance of a mechanical component whose lateral or lower surface comes into contact with other components by further increasing the amount of additive (for example , iron) in the contact portion relative to that of the main body. In addition, since the mechanical component can be manufactured in response to the molding die, it is possible to manufacture the mechanical component while maintaining the precision of the molding die using a photolithography technique. In this way, it is possible to provide a mechanical component having excellent properties both in terms of productivity and wear resistance.
    The additive content of the contact portion may decrease when moving towards the main body.
    In general, if the mechanical component is manufactured for example by electroforming under conditions where the additive such as iron is contained in large quantities, the residual stresses increase, which increases the probability that the mechanical component is considerably curved. . According to the present invention, on the contrary, the additive content decreases towards the main body. Thus it is possible to avoid that the mechanical component is bent due to residual stresses at the contact portions containing a lot of additive. In general, if the mechanical component is for example made by electroforming under conditions where the additive such as iron is contained in large quantities, the mechanical component becomes brittle, so that it is possible that can break. According to the present invention on the contrary, it is possible to reduce the additive content in the main body. Thus, for example, if a fracture occurs at the contact portion when a shaft or a similar part is brought into contact with the mechanical component, it is impossible for the main body of the latter to fracture. In addition, it is possible to ensure satisfactory adhesion between the main body and the contact portion, and the residual stresses at the molded contact portion can be dispersed to the main body. As a result, it is possible to effectively prevent detachment of the contact portion from the main body. In addition, it is possible to reduce the consumption of additives.
    The additive content of the contact portion may decrease in steps when moving towards the main body.
    The additive content of the contact portion may gradually decrease when moving towards the main body.
    According to the present invention, as described above, it is possible to prevent the mechanical component from being bent. In addition, when for example a shaft or a similar part is brought into contact with the mechanical component, even if a fracture is generated at the contact portion, it is impossible for a fracture to appear at the main body. Moreover, it is possible to effectively prevent the detachment of the contact portion from the main body, and also to reduce the consumption of additives.
    The additive at the level of the contact portion may be iron, and the proportion of iron at the contact portion may be between 3% by weight - that is to say as a percentage of the total weight - and 30% by mass.
    The additive at the main body may be iron, and the proportion of iron at the main body may be between 0.1% by mass and 15% by mass.
    The contact portion may be formed of additives such as iron and nickel, and the proportion of iron at the contact portion may be 22% by mass, the proportion of nickel at the level of the portion of contact can be 78% by mass.
    According to one embodiment of the present invention, since iron (Fe) is contained as an additive, it is possible to further reduce the coercive force of the mechanical component relative to the case of nickel (Ni). In addition, it is possible to further reduce the coercive force of the mechanical component relative to the case of iron (Fe) or carbon steel by adjusting the ratio between the nickel (Ni) content and that of iron (Fe). In particular, it is possible to significantly reduce the coercive force by setting the iron (Fe) content to approximately 22% mass percent by setting the nickel (Ni) content to approximately 78% mass percent so that the ratio between the iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) content in the mechanical component is, in terms of mass, close to that between iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) in alloy 78 permalloy.
    As a result, a timepiece that uses the mechanical component as a gear piece, for example, is less easily magnetizable than a timepiece that employs a component made of carbon steel according to the prior art. Thus it is possible to provide a highly antimagnetic timepiece by applying the mechanical component according to the present invention to the timepiece.
    Furthermore, the component according to the present invention may be a gear piece.
    According to the present invention, the gear piece may have better wear resistance properties when increasing the content of the additive in the gear piece, or more precisely the portion acting as a portion of the gear unit. contact. Moreover, it is possible to manufacture gear parts of very precise dimensions in accordance with those of the molding die. Therefore, it is possible to provide a gear piece that has excellent properties in terms of productivity and wear resistance.
    In addition, a movement according to the present invention comprises the mechanical component described above.
    In addition, a timepiece according to the present invention comprises the movement described above.
    According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a movement and a timepiece that are very effective, have a long life, and cheap.
    Furthermore, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing the mechanical component, the method including: a modeling process of a contact portion forming the contact portion by electroforming, in which the casting die is immersed in the electroforming liquid; a modeling process of a main body forming the main body so that the latter covers the contact portion by means of electroforming, wherein the molding die is immersed in the electroforming liquid, and wherein Electroforming is performed during the modeling process of the contact portion so that the amount of deposition of the additive is increased relative to the forming process of the main body.
    According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the wear resistance for the mechanical component whose lateral or lower surface comes into contact with another component by increasing the content of the additive (for example, iron) in the contact portion. In addition, since the mechanical component can be fabricated in response to the molding die, it is possible to manufacture the mechanical component while maintaining the accuracy of the resulting molding die using photolithography-based technology. In this way, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing the mechanical component which has excellent properties in terms of productivity and wear resistance. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a mechanical component which does not have an interface between the main body and the contact portion by electroforming by means of which the main body and the contact portion are formed. in the same electroforming liquid.
    In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily control the thickness and composition of the contact portion.
    According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the wear resistance of a mechanical component whose lateral or lower surface is brought into contact with another component by further increasing the content of the additive. (eg, iron) at a contact portion relative to a main body. In addition, since the mechanical component can be fabricated in response to a molding die, it is possible to manufacture the mechanical component while maintaining the accuracy of the molding die produced using photolithography technology. Thus it is possible to provide a mechanical component that has excellent properties in terms of productivity and wear resistance.
    Brief description of figures [0027]
    Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a mechanical component according to a first embodiment.
    Fig. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating the concentration of iron in the mechanical component according to the first embodiment.
    Fig. 3 is an explanatory view illustrating the first mechanical component according to a first variant of the first embodiment.
    Fig. 4 is an explanatory view illustrating the first mechanical component according to a second variant of the first embodiment.
    Fig. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating the first mechanical component according to a third variant of the first embodiment.
    Fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a mechanical component according to a second embodiment.
    Fig. 7 is an explanatory view illustrating the concentration of iron in the mechanical component according to the second embodiment.
    Fig. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a mechanical component according to a third embodiment.
    Fig. 9 is an explanatory view illustrating the concentration of iron in the mechanical component according to the third embodiment.
    Fig. 10 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of manufacturing a mechanical component.
    Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of configuration of an electroforming apparatus.
    Fig. 12 is a plan view illustrating the front portion of a movement of a timepiece.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0028] In the following, a mechanical component, a movement, a timepiece, and a method of manufacturing a mechanical component according to each of the embodiments of the present invention will be described. in detail with reference to the drawings. First, a mechanical component according to each of the embodiments of the present invention will be described. Next will be described a method of manufacturing the mechanical component according to a first embodiment, and a movement and a timepiece comprising the mechanical component according to this first embodiment.
    First Embodiment [0029] FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a mechanical component according to a first embodiment. Fig. 1a is a plan view of the mechanical component, and FIG. 1b is a sectional view along the axis A-A of FIG. 1a.
    As illustrated in FIG. 1a, a mechanical component 1 according to this embodiment is for example a gear piece 1A. The gear piece 1A is the mechanical component 1 made by electroforming whereby a molding die 30 (see Fig. 11a) is immersed in an electroforming liquid 41 (refer again to Figs. Fig. 11a) containing nickel ions and iron (Fe) ions as an additive. The gear piece 1A has a main body 2 and a contact portion 3 which covers at least a portion of the main body 2, which is brought into contact with another component.
    A through hole 4 in which a shaft (not shown) is fitted is disposed in a central portion of the mechanical component 1. Multiple toothed portions 5 are formed at the peripheral surface of the mechanical component.
    The contact portion 3 is arranged such that it covers the main body 2 to a side surface 6, a lower surface 7, and an inner surface of the through hole 4 of the mechanical component 1.
    FIG. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating the concentration of iron (Fe) in the mechanical component according to the first embodiment. Fig. 2a is an enlarged view of the mechanical component according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 2b is a view illustrating the concentration of iron (Fe) in the mechanical component along the axis B-B of FIG. 2a. Referring to FIG. 2b, the horizontal axis represents the distance from the lateral surface 6, and the vertical axis represents the iron concentration (Fe).
    As illustrated in FIG. 2b, in the mechanical component 1 according to the first embodiment, the iron concentration in the contact portion 3 decreases when moving towards the main body 2.
    The iron concentration is substantially constant in the contact portion 3, then decreases significantly in the main body 2. More specifically, the iron concentration is substantially constant in the contact portion 3, and this is maintained at its maximum level from the lateral surface 6 and the lower surface of the through hole 4 towards the main body 2, while the iron concentration is otherwise substantially constant and maintained at a minimum level in the main body 2.
    [0037] Hereinafter, we focus on the relaxation of stresses acting on an object. Stress relaxation indicates, for example, a phenomenon in which stresses acting on an object gradually decrease with time, when a constant load is applied to the object and maintained without any change over time. A stress relaxation rate is intended to indicate a probability of causing stress relaxation.
    Thus, when the iron content (Fe) as an additive increases, the stress relaxation rate decreases, and stress relaxation is less likely to occur. If on the other hand the mechanical component 1 is manufactured by means of electroforming using high concentrations of additive, the residual stresses increase, thus generating a strong probability that the mechanical component is considerably curved. If the rate of stress relaxation increases in the mechanical component 1, the adjustment force decreases when a shaft is adjusted (potentially forcibly, that is to say, driven) in the through hole 4, for example. Therefore, it is possible that the shaft is disadvantageously detached from the mechanical component 1 with a not insignificant probability. Moreover, the force of adjustment or hunting gradually weakens over time. For this reason, it is possible that such disadvantageous detachment frequently occurs / occurs repeatedly over time.
    This is why we adopt a configuration that prevents such disadvantageous detachment of the mechanical component 1 due to the increase in stress relaxation by controlling the concentration of iron (Fe) as an additive, while preventing the mechanical component 1 to take a curved shape.
    Specifically, as described above, the contact portion 3 which comes into contact with the other component, such as the lateral surface 6, the lower surface 7, and the through hole 4 have an iron content (Fe ) As described above, the mechanical component 1 is prevented from taking a curved shape by eliminating the iron (Fe) content in the main body 2. It avoids an increase in the relaxation rate of the constraints by increasing the iron content (Fe) in the contact portion 3 relative to that of the main body 2. In this way, it is possible to prevent disadvantageous detachment of the mechanical component 1 due to stress relaxation.
    In addition to iron (Fe), the additive includes boron (B), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), tungsten (W), etc. On the other hand, the thickness of the contact portion 3 is set approximately between 0.1 μm and 20 μm. In addition, it is preferable to set the iron (Fe) content serving as an additive in the contact portion 3 (a part having a high iron concentration) at a range of between 3% and 30% by weight. It is also preferable to set the iron (Fe) content as an additive in the main body 2 (a part having a low iron concentration) to a range of between 0.1% and 15% by weight.
    [0042] Hereinafter, we focus on the coercive forces acting on an object. The coercive force indicates, for example, the intensity of an external magnetic field to be generated in a reverse direction to return a magnetized material to a non-magnetized state. Thus, if the value of the coercive force of the object increases, the object will have a great magnetic force.
    According to the article "ISBN4-7853-2304-3, published by Shokabo Co., Ltd., written by Soshin Chikazumi, -Magnetic Properties of Matter-, Physics of Ferromagnetism, Vol. 1, Selected Book of Physics 4 ", the coercive force of nickel (Ni) is 0.7 * 103/4 (A / m), the coercive force of iron (Fe) is 1.8 * 103 / 4π ( A / m), the coercive force of the alloy called 78 permalloy (permalloy A), which is an alloy of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) and in which the nickel content (Ni) of approximately 78% by mass is 0.05 * 103 / 4π (A / m). According to the article "ISBN978-4-7536-5630-1, published by Uchida Rokakuho Publishing Co., Ltd., written by Masayuki Shiga, From Spin to Magnet , Introduction to Magnetism, Material Science Serials ", the coercive force of carbon steel (0.9 C1Mn) is 50 * 103 / 4π (A / m).
    According to the present embodiment, since iron (Fe) serving as an additive is contained therein, it is possible to increase the coercive force of the mechanical component 1 relative to the case of nickel (Ni). In addition, it is possible to further reduce the coercive force of the mechanical component 1 relative to the case of iron (Fe) or carbon steel by adjusting the ratio of the contents between those of nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe ). It is more particularly possible to significantly reduce the coercive force by setting the iron (Fe) content to approximately 22% mass percent and to set the nickel (Ni) content to approximately 78% mass percent so that the ratio between the iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) content in the mechanical component 1 is close to that between the iron (Fe) and the nickel (Ni) of the alloy 78 permalloy.
    Accordingly, a timepiece employing the mechanical component 1 as a component such as a gear piece, for example, is less likely to be magnetized compared to a timepiece that uses a watchmaking component formed of carbon steel according to the prior art. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly antimagnetic timepiece by employing the mechanical component 1 according to the presently described embodiment of a timepiece.
    According to the mechanical component 1 of the first embodiment, even when the lateral surface 6, the lower surface 7, and the inner surface of the through hole 4 which are the contact portions 3 come into contact or slide on another component it is possible to improve the wear resistance by further increasing the amount of iron as an additive in the contact portion 3 relative to that of the main body 2. In addition, since the mechanical component 1 can to be manufactured in response to a molding die, it is possible to manufacture the mechanical component 1 while maintaining the precision at the molding die produced using photolithography technology. Therefore, it is possible to provide a mechanical component 1 which has excellent properties in terms of productivity and wear resistance.
    Here, productivity indicates that a degree of efficiency is obtained, creating added value from a certain resource. Thus, excellent productivity indicates that improving the efficiency of the manufacturing process eliminates unnecessary production costs.
    Variants of the first embodiment [0049] In what follows, we will describe each of the variants of the mechanical component according to the first embodiment.
    FIG. 3 is an explanatory view illustrating the first mechanical component according to a first variant of the first embodiment. Fig. 3a is an enlarged sectional view of the mechanical component according to the first variant of the first embodiment, and FIG. 3b is a view illustrating the concentration of iron (Fe) in the mechanical component taken along the axis C-C of FIG. 3a. When referring to FIG. 3b, the horizontal axis represents the distance from the lateral surface 6, and the vertical axis represents the iron concentration (Fe).
    As illustrated in FIG. 3b, in the mechanical component 1 according to the first variant of the first embodiment, the iron concentration in the contact portion 3 decreases in steps when moving from the lateral surface 6 and the inner surface of the through hole 4 to the main body 2. In addition, the iron concentration is substantially constant while a minimum value is maintained in the main body 2. The iron concentration decreases by two successive levels in FIG. 3b - but could decrease by three or more levels.
    FIG. 4 is an explanatory view illustrating the first mechanical component according to a second variant of the first embodiment. Fig. 4a is an enlarged sectional view of the mechanical component according to the second variant of the first embodiment, and FIG. 4b is a view illustrating the concentration of iron (Fe) in the mechanical component taken along the axis D-D of FIG. 4a. When referring to FIG. 4b, the horizontal axis represents the distance from the lateral surface 6, and the vertical axis represents the concentration of iron (Fe).
    As illustrated in FIG. 4b, in the mechanical component 1 according to the second variant of the first embodiment, the concentration of iron in the contact portion 3 decreases gradually as one moves from the lateral surface 6 and the inner surface of the through hole 4 towards the main body 2. In this case, since the residual stresses of the contact portion 3 are relaxed, the contact portion 3 is all the less likely to detach from the main body 2.
    FIG. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating the first mechanical component according to a third variant of the first embodiment. Fig. 5a is an enlarged sectional view of the mechanical component according to the third variant of the first embodiment, and FIG. 5b is a view illustrating the concentration of iron (Fe) in the mechanical component taken along the axis E-E of FIG. 5a. When referring to FIG. 5b, the horizontal axis represents the distance from the lateral surface 6, and the vertical axis represents the concentration of iron (Fe).
    As illustrated in FIG. 5b, in the mechanical component 1 according to the third variant of the first embodiment, the iron concentration gradually decreases from the contact portion 3 towards the main body 2 until reaching an intermediate position between the lateral surface 6 and the inner surface 4, which are as many internal portions of the main body 2. In this case, since the residual stresses of the contact portion 3 are also relaxed, the contact portion 3 is all the less likely to become detached from the body. principal 2.
    Other Embodiments In what follows, a mechanical component will be described according to other embodiments. In the following description, the same reference numerals are given for the configuration items that are the same as those used in the first embodiment, and their description will be omitted.
    Second Embodiment [0058] FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a mechanical component according to a second embodiment. Fig. 6a is a plan view of the mechanical component, and FIG. 6b a sectional view along the axis F-F of FIG. 6a.
    [0060] FIG. 7 is an explanatory view illustrating the concentration of iron in the mechanical component according to the second embodiment. Fig. 7a is an enlarged sectional view of the mechanical component according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 7b is a view illustrating the concentration of iron (Fe) in the mechanical component taken along the axis G-G of FIG. 7a. When referring to FIG. 7b, the horizontal axis represents the distance with respect to the lateral surface 6, and the vertical axis represents the concentration of iron (Fe).
    As illustrated in FIG. 6, a mechanical component 10 according to the second embodiment is a gear piece 10A. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that an annular cavity portion 12 is formed at an upper surface 11 of the main body 2.
    As illustrated in FIG. 7b, the distribution of the iron concentration in the main body 2 and the contact portion 3 is the same as in the first embodiment, that is to say that the iron concentration is substantially constant in the portion of contact 3, and decreases significantly in the main body 2. More specifically, the iron concentration in the contact portion 3 is substantially constant and retains a maximum value from the side surface 6 and the inner surface of the through hole 4 towards the main body 2. On the other hand, the iron concentration in the contact portion 3 is substantially constant and retains a minimum value in the main body 2. According to the second embodiment, the mechanical component 10 can be miniaturized.
    Third Embodiment [0064] FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a mechanical component according to a third embodiment. Fig. 8a is a plan view of the mechanical component, and FIG. 8b a sectional view along the axis H-H of FIG. 8a.
    FIG. 9 is an explanatory view illustrating the concentration of iron in the mechanical component according to the third embodiment. Fig. 9a is an enlarged sectional view of the mechanical component according to the third embodiment, and FIG. 9b is a view illustrating the concentration of iron (Fe) in the mechanical component taken along the axis 1-l of FIG. 9a. When referring to FIG. 9b, the horizontal axis represents a distance from the lateral surface 6, and the vertical axis represents the concentration of iron (Fe).
    As illustrated in FIG. 8, a mechanical component 20 is a gear piece 20A. The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that an annular contact portion 3b serving as a contact portion 3 is formed on an upper surface 22 of the main body 2. For example, a clutch spring 21 serving as sliding component comes into contact with the contact portion 3b.
    As illustrated in FIG. 9b, the iron concentration is substantially constant in the contact portion 3, is significantly decreased in the main body 2. More specifically, the iron concentration of the contact portion 3a corresponding to the lateral surface 6 and the inner surface of the hole through 4 gradually decreases from the lateral surface 6 and the inner surface of the through hole 4 towards the main body 2. In addition, the iron concentration in the annular contact portion 3b corresponding to the upper surface 22 of the main body 2 is the maximum concentration in a central portion which comes into contact with the clutch spring 21, and decreases significantly from the central portion to the main body 2.
    According to the mechanical component 20 of the third embodiment, the annular contact portion 3b which contains a lot of iron and is very resistant to wear is also disposed in the portion which comes into contact with the clutch spring 21 Therefore, even when the upper surface 22 of the gear piece 20A comes into contact with the clutch spring 21, it is possible to prevent the wear of the mechanical component 20.
    Method of Manufacturing the Mechanical Component In the following, we will describe a method of manufacturing a mechanical component according to a preferred embodiment. Hereinafter will be described a method of manufacturing a mechanical component according to a first embodiment.
    FIG. 10 is an explanatory view illustrating the method of manufacturing a mechanical component.
    FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of configuration of an electroforming apparatus.
    As illustrated in FIG. 10, the manufacturing method of the mechanical component comprises a mold modeling process (refer to Fig. 10a) to form a molding die 30, a film electrode shaping process (refer to Figs. Fig. 10b) to form a film electrode 32 in the molding die 30, a modeling process of a contact portion (refer to Fig. 10c) to form the contact portion 3, a modeling process of a main body (refer to Fig. 10d) to form a main body matrix 50 serving as the main body 2 after covering the contact portion 3, a polishing process (refer to Fig. 10e) for polishing the main body matrix 50 and the contact portion 3, and an unloading process (refer to Fig. 10f) to discharge the mechanical component 1.
    In what follows, we will describe each process of the method of manufacturing the mechanical component in detail.
    First, as illustrated in FIG. 10a, the modeling process of the molding die is carried out. In the modeling process of the molding die, the molding die 30 is formed to take the outer shape of the mechanical component 1 (refer to Fig. 1a). The molding die 30 comprises a concave portion 30a serving as a mechanical model 31 for molding the outer shape of the mechanical component 1, and a "pillar" portion 30b which is arranged vertically in the concave portion 30a to form the through hole 4 (FIG. refer to Fig. 1b).
    As a base element for the molding die 30, it is possible to use different materials such as resist material, silicon (Si), stainless steel, or the like. Among these materials, when the resist material or silicon is used as the base member, the mechanical pattern 31 for the molding die 30 can be formed by etching using photolithography technology. When stainless steel is used as the base member, the mechanical pattern 31 for the molding die 30 can be formed using a laser. In addition, it is preferable to model the mechanical pattern 31 previously described at several locations along column directions in the molding die 30. According to this preferred embodiment, multiple components (mechanical components 1 according to the method of presently described) can be made at one time, for example, which provides advantageous effects in terms of productivity improvement.
    Then, as illustrated in FIG. 10b, the modeling process of the film electrode is carried out. In this process of shaping the film electrode, the film electrode 32 is formed at the surface of the mechanical pattern 31 of the molding die 30 using a film forming method such as the PVD or CVD method. chemical vapor), for example. In this embodiment, the film electrode 32 formed of a metallic material such as copper, the thickness of which is for example approximately between 10 nm and 500 nm, is formed on the whole of the upper surface (either the inner and outer surfaces of the concave portion 30a) of the mechanical pattern 31 in the molding die 30. Since the film electrode 32 is very thin, this film electrode 32 does not affect the shape of the mechanical pattern 31 formed in the die As a material for the film electrode 32, it is possible to use different conductive materials such as gold, titanium, chromium, or the like. If a conductive material is selected as the material for the molding die 30, this process can be dispensed with.
    Then, as illustrated in FIG. 10c, the modeling process of the contact portion is performed. In this modeling process of the contact portion, the contact portion 3 is formed on the mechanical pattern 31 in the molding die 30 using the electroforming apparatus 40 illustrated in FIG. 11.
    Hereinafter, the electroforming apparatus 40 is described.
    As illustrated in FIG. 11a, the electroforming apparatus 40 comprises an electroforming tank 42 which stores the electroforming liquid 41 containing iron and nickel ions as an additive, an electrode 43 formed of a material containing at least for example nickel or iron, an insoluble conductive material or a metallic material subject to electroforming, and which is immersed in the electroforming liquid 41, and a power supply unit 45 to which the electroforming tank 42 and the electrode 43 are mutually connected via an electrical wire 44 between the electrode 43 and the film electrode 32 formed in the molding die 30.
    In the electroforming apparatus 40, the electrode 43 is connected to an anode side of the power supply unit 45, and the film electrode 32 is connected to a cathode side thereof. . In addition, the electroforming liquid 41 may be chosen depending on the electroforming materials. However, when electroforming a nickel alloy is performed, a sulfamic acid bath, a Watt bath, or a sulfuric acid bath may for example be used. If the electroforming of a nickel alloy is carried out using a sulfamic acid bath, the sulfamic acid bath which contains mainly the salt of hydrated nickel sulfamate and the hydrated salt of iron sulfamate will be for example poured into the electroforming tank 42.
    The modeling process of the contact portion is performed by adjusting the iron content using the electroforming apparatus 40 configured for this purpose.
    As illustrated in FIG. 11a, in the modeling process of the contact portion, the molding die 30 is first put into the electroforming apparatus 40. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 11b, the contact portion 3 is formed on the film electrode 32 on the mechanical pattern 31 of the molding die 30. In the modeling process of the contact portion, after the molding die 30 has been immersed in the electroforming liquid 41 stored inside the electroforming tank 42, an electrical voltage is applied between the electrode 43 and the film electrode 32 via the power supply unit 45.
    The amount of iron to be deposited at the contact portion 3 is here controlled by the current density of the molding die 30 (i.e., the amount of current flowing in the molding die per unit area), the number of times the electroforming liquid 41 is moved, and the ratio of iron and nickel ions in the electroforming liquid 41. Specifically, when the density As the current of the molding die 30 decreases, the iron content at the contact portion 3 increases. On the other hand, when the ratio of iron ions to nickel ions increases in the electroforming liquid 41, the iron content in the contact portion 3 increases. In addition, when increasing the number of times stirring the electroforming liquid 41, the iron content in the contact portion 3 increases. The thickness of the contact portion 3 can moreover be controlled by the current density and the electroforming time period in the molding die 30.
    In the modeling process of the contact portion, if a voltage is applied between the electrode 43 and the film electrode 32, the nickel ions and the iron ions that are contained in the electroforming liquid 41 pass into the sulfamic acid bath, and the iron-nickel alloy is deposited on the film electrode 32 as a metal inside the electroforming liquid 41. As described above, in the method of modeling is controlled the iron content in the contact portion 3 using at least the current density in the molding die 30, the ratio between the iron ions and those of nickel in the electroforming liquid 41 , and the number of times that the electroforming liquid 41 is stirred.
    Then, as illustrated in FIG. 10d, the modeling process of the main body is carried out. As illustrated in FIG. 11b, during the modeling process of the main body after the modeling process of the contact portion is completed, but while the molding die 30 remains immersed in the electroforming liquid 41, the matrix of the main body 50 which will serve then for the main body 2 is formed by controlling at least the current density in the molding die 30, the ratio between the iron ions and the nickel ions in the electroforming liquid 41, and the number of times the the electroforming liquid 41 is stirred.
    The modeling of the main body is performed so that the iron content in the matrix of the main body 50 is lower than in the contact portion 3, by controlling at least the current density in the molding die 30 , the ratio of iron ions to nickel ions in the electroforming liquid 41, and the number of times the electroforming liquid 41 is moved. Specifically, when the current density of the molding die 30 increases, the iron content increases in the main body 2. Moreover, when the ratio between the iron ions and those of nickel decreases in the electroforming liquid 41, the iron content decreases in the main body 2. when increasing the number of times stirring the electroforming liquid 41, the iron content increases in the main body 2.
    In the modeling process of the main body, if a voltage is applied between the electrode 43 and the film electrode 32 similarly to the modeling process of the contact portion, the nickel ions and the iron ions which are contained in the electroforming liquid 41 pass into the sulfamic acid bath, and the iron-nickel alloy is deposited on the matrix of the main body 50 as a metal inside the electroforming liquid 41. described above, the matrix of the main body 50 is formed such that the iron content is lower than in the contact portion 3 by controlling at least the current density in the molding die 30, the ratio between the iron ions and those of nickel in the electroforming liquid 41, and the number of times that stir the electroforming liquid 41. In other words, if we compare the process of modeling the portion of contact and the processu When modeling the main body, electroforming is performed during the modeling process of the contact portion in order to obtain a greater amount of iron deposition than during the modeling process of the main body.
    According to the presently described embodiment, the matrix of the main body 50 is formed such that it completely covers the contact portion 3 on a main surface (the lower and upper surface of the concave portion 30a) of the pattern. mechanical 31 in the molding die 30. The matrix of the main body 50 is caused to grow until at least the concave portion 30a is filled in the molding die 30.
    When the matrix of the main body 50 is formed, the modeling process of the contact portion and the modeling process of the main body are completed.
    As described above, it is preferable to carry out the modeling process of the contact portion and that of the main body continuously in a state where the molding die 30 remains immersed in the electroforming liquid 41. This can reduce the time required for processes. In addition, when the molding die 30 is formed using a conductive member, the electroforming can be performed by applying an electrical voltage between the electrode 43 and the molding die 30 without forming the film electrode 32.
    Then, as illustrated in FIG. 10th, the polishing process is carried out. During the polishing process, the matrix of the main body 50 and the contact portion 3 are polished. Here, after the molding matrix 30 and the matrix of the main body 50 formed inside thereof are discharged from the reservoir. electroforming apparatus 42 (see Fig. 11a), the entire molding die 30 is polished so that the matrix of the main body 50 takes a predetermined thickness. According to the presently described embodiment, the molding die 30 is polished to remove the portions of the film electrode 32, the contact portion 3, and the matrix of the main body 50 which are formed above the surface upper portion of the molding die 30 (i.e., to maintain the formation of the contact portion 3, the film electrode 32, and the main body die 50 within the concave portion 30a of the molding die 30). In this way, the mechanical component 1 comprising the contact portion 3 and the main body 2 is formed inside the mechanical pattern 31 of the molding die 30. In the polishing process, after the process illustrated in FIG. 10e, the contact portion 3 and the main body 2 can be polished to obtain the desired dimensions using a polishing pad.
    Finally, as illustrated in FIG. 10f, the unloading process is carried out. During the unloading process, the mechanical component 1 remaining inside the mechanical pattern 31 of the molding die 30 is discharged from the molding die 30. Here, the molding die 30 and the film electrode 32 are removed by dissolution. In this way, the mechanical component 1 in which the contact portion 3 and the main body 2 are mutually integrated with each other are entirely manufactured.
    The unloading process of the mechanical component 1 can employ a physical method without being limited to a dissolution method. In addition, when an insoluble material such as stainless steel is used for the molding die 30, it is preferable to form the contact portion 3 and the main body 2 on a mold release layer (not shown) forming, for example, the mold release layer within the concave portion 30a of at least the mechanical pattern 31 (see Fig. 10a). In this case, it is possible, during the unloading process, to discharge the mechanical component 1 from the molding die 30 by removing only the molding release layer interposed between the molding die 30 and the film electrode 32 .
    In the mechanical component 1 manufactured in this way, the contact portion 3 is formed on a surface corresponding to the inner surface of the mechanical pattern 31 of the molding die 30. In addition, in the mechanical component 1, the hole 4 penetrating in the direction of the thickness is formed in a portion corresponding to the portion "pillar" 30b of the molding die 30. In this way, all the processes of the method of manufacture of the mechanical component 1 are completed, and the mechanical component 1 can be obtained as the gear piece 1A.
    According to the method of manufacture of the mechanical component 1 of the embodiment described hereinbefore, it is possible to improve the wear resistance of the mechanical component 1 whose lateral surface 6 or the lower surface 7 come into contact with each other. other components by increasing the iron content in the contact portion 3 with respect to the iron content in the main body 2. In addition, since the mechanical component 1 can be manufactured in response to the molding die 30, It is possible to manufacture the mechanical component 1 while maintaining the precision at the molding die 30 produced using photolithography technology. Therefore, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing a mechanical component 1 that has excellent properties in terms of productivity and wear resistance. In addition, according to the embodiment described above, it is possible to manufacture a mechanical component 1 having no interface between the main body 2 and the contact portion 3 by means of electroforming in which the main body 2 and the contact portion 3 are formed continuously in the same electroforming liquid 41. In addition, according to the presently described embodiment, it is possible to easily control the composition (i.e., iron content) of the contact portion 3 and the main body 2 by controlling at least the current density in the molding die 30, the ratio between the iron ions and the nickel ions in the electroforming liquid 41, and the number of times the the electroforming liquid 41 is stirred. Moreover, it is possible to easily adjust the thickness of the contact portion 3 by controlling the current density and the electroforming time period of the mold matrix. age 30.
    Timepiece and movement [0097] In the following, a movement and a timepiece will be described as examples of devices using the mechanical component according to the respective respective embodiments previously described.
    In general, a machine body comprising a generating part of a timepiece is commonly called the "movement". Of the two faces of a main plate forming a substrate for the timepiece, reference is made to the ice side of a case of a timepiece, that is to say, the dial side, as "face back of the movement. Among the two faces of the main board, refers to the bottom side of a case of a timepiece, that is to say, the opposite side of the dial, as the "front face" of the movement.
    FIG. 12 a plan view illustrating the front portion of a movement of a timepiece. As illustrated in FIG. 12, a movement 100A of a timepiece 100 comprises a main plate 102 forming a substrate. A winding stem 110 is pivotally incorporated in a guide hole of the winding stem 102a formed in the main plate 102. A dial (not shown) is attached to the movement 100A. A gear train is incorporated in the front face of the movement 100A, which is referred to as a forward gear, and a gear train is incorporated in the rear face of the movement 100A, which is referred to as that gear train back.
    The axial position of the winding stem 110 is determined by a switching device comprising a control lever 190, a rocker 192, a latch spring 194, and a jumper 196 for the control lever. A winding pinion 112 is mounted free to rotate about a guide axis around the winding stem 110. The winding pinion 112 is rotated by that of a clutch wheel (not shown) if the rod The winding stem 110 is turned into a state where the winding stem 110 is in a first winding position (zero level) which is the position proximal to the center of the movement 100A. A crown wheel 114 is rotated by that of the winding pinion 112. In addition, a pinion wheel 116 is rotated by that of the crown wheel 114. A main spring (barrel spring - not shown) is housed in a barrel drum integral with a pinion - the assembly bearing the reference 120 - and is raised by means of the rotation of the ratchet wheel 116.
    A central wheel secured to a pinion whose assembly is referenced 124 are rotated by those of the barrel drum and the pinion (reference 120). An escape wheel integral with a pinion whose assembly is referenced 130 are rotated by a second wheel secured to a pinion referenced together 128, a third wheel secured to a pinion referenced together 126, and the central wheel and the pinion referenced 124. The drum drum integral with the pinion (120), the central wheel secured to the pinion (124), the third wheel secured to the pinion (126), and the second wheel secured to the pinion (128) form the train front gear.
    An exhaust speed control device for controlling the speed of rotation of the front gear train is provided with a rocker 140, an escape wheel 130, and an anchor 142. The balance 140 maintained by a balance bridge 166 so that it can be rotated relative to the main plate 102.
    The gear piece 1A serving as mechanical component 1 according to the first embodiment is used for example to form the central wheel secured to the pinion (124), the third wheel secured to the pinion (126), and the second wheel secured to the pinion (128), or the integral escape wheel of the pinion (130).
    According to the timepiece 100 and the movement 100A of this first embodiment, there is provided a mechanical component 1 which has precise dimensions and which has excellent properties in terms of productivity and wear resistance. . Thus, it is possible to provide a movement 100A and a timepiece 100 which are very efficient, have a long life, and inexpensive to produce.
    The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above with reference to the drawings, and other variants are conceivable without departing from the technical scope of the present invention.
    For example, in the embodiments described above, the contact portion 3 taken by way of example is arranged so that it covers the main body 2 corresponding to the lateral surface 6, the lower surface 7, and the inner surface of the through hole 4 of the mechanical component 1, but the possible configurations are not limited to these embodiments. For example, the contact portion 3 could be arranged in such a way that it corresponds only to the lateral surface 6, the lower surface 7, or the internal surface of the through hole 4 of the mechanical component 1. Alternatively, the portion of contact 3 could be arranged such that it corresponds only to a partial area of the lateral surface 6, a partial area of the lower surface 7, or a partial area of the inner surface of the through hole 4 of the mechanical component 1 Alternatively, the contact portion 3 could be arranged in a portion where all these variants are combined in different ways.
    In addition, even if the content or the ratio of the amount of additive in a partial portion of the main body 2 is identical to or greater than the content or the ratio of the amount of additive in the contact portion 3, any configuration could of course be adopted as long as the content or ratio of the amount of additive on the whole of the contact portion 3 is greater than the content or the ratio of the amount of additive on the entire main body 2.
    For example, in the respective respective embodiments described above, the gear parts 1A, 10A, and 20A have been described as mechanical components 1,10, and 20. However, without having any limiting vocation, the present invention can be applied to timepiece mechanical components 100 (such as an anchor, a rocker arm, a clutch spring, an escape wheel and its associated pinion, etc.) in addition to gears 1A, 10A, and 20A, or can also be applied to other mechanical components.
    For example, the mechanical components 1,10, and 20 may be subjected to heat treatment. The heat treatment of the mechanical components 1, 10, and 20 improves their Young's modulus. Thus, when a shaft for example is adjusted (driven) in the through hole 4, it can be assured with assurance a driving force. In this way, it is possible to confidently guarantee a detachment load to separate the mechanical components 1, 10, and 20 from the shaft. Thus, the mechanical component can be attached more firmly to the shaft. In addition, a wear-resistant plating can be applied at least on a portion of the surface of the mechanical components 1, 10, and 20. Such a plating can further improve the wear resistance of the mechanical components 1, 10, and 20.
    In the respective embodiments, there has previously been described a case where the additive is iron (Fe). However, and not limited to the following examples, it is also possible to use, for example, boron (B), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), tungsten (W), etc.
    Correspondingly, without being limited to an iron-nickel alloy, the mechanical components 1,10, and 20 could be formed using a boron-nickel alloy, phosphorus-nickel, manganese-nickel, cobalt-nickel, tungsten nickel, etc.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    claims
    A mechanical component (1) formed by electroforming in which a molding die (30) is immersed in a liquid, electroforming (41) containing nickel ions and ions of an additive for improving wear resistance, the component comprising: a main body (2); and a contact portion (3) which covers at least a portion of the main body (2), which is brought into contact with another component, said contact portion (3) containing more additive than the main body ( 2).
    [2]
    2. Mechanical component (1) according to claim 1, the additive content of the contact portion (3) decreasing going towards the main body (2).
    [3]
    3. Mechanical component (1) according to claim 2, the additive content of the contact portion (3) decreasing in steps when moving towards the main body (2).
    [4]
    4. Mechanical component (1) according to claim 2, the additive content of the contact portion (3) gradually decreasing when moving towards the main body (2).
    [5]
    5. Mechanical component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, the additive of the contact portion (3) being iron, and the iron content in the contact portion (3) being between 3% mass and 30% by mass.
    [6]
    6. Mechanical component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, the additive of the main body (2) being iron, and the iron content in the main body (2) being between 0.1% by mass. and 15% by weight.
    [7]
    7. Mechanical component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, the contact portion (3) being formed of nickel and iron as an additive, and the iron content in the contact portion (3) being 22 % by mass, and the nickel content in the contact portion (3) being 78% by mass.
    [8]
    8. Mechanical component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, said mechanical component (1) being a gear piece (1A).
    [9]
    9. Movement (100A) comprising a mechanical component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8.
    [10]
    Timepiece (100) comprising a movement (100A) according to claim 9.
    [11]
    11. Method of manufacturing a mechanical component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising: - a modeling process of a molding die (30); a modeling process of a film electrode (32); - a modeling process of a contact portion (3) to form a contact portion (3) by means of electroforming during which the molding die (30) is immersed in the electroforming liquid (41); and - a modeling process of a main body (2) to cover the contact portion (3) by means of electroforming during which the molding die (30) is immersed in the electroforming liquid (41) the electroforming being carried out during the modeling process of the contact portion (3) so that the amount of additive deposition increases relative to the modeling process of the main body (2); - a polishing process; and a separation process of the mechanical component (1) of the molding die (30).
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP2014183404|2014-09-09|
    JP2015107602A|JP6475088B2|2014-09-09|2015-05-27|Machine part, movement, watch, and method of manufacturing machine part|
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